Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
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1. Alkaline pyrogallate is used in Orsat's apparatus for absorption of
A. CO2
B. CO
C. O2
D. N2
Answer: Option C
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2. The draught produced by a steam jet issuing from a nozzle placed in the ash-pit under the fire grate of the furnace is called
A. Induced steam jet draught
B. Chimney draught
C. Forced steam jet draught
D. None of these
Answer: Option C
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3. The pressure velocity compounded impulse turbine allows a bigger
pressure drop and hence __________ numbers of stages are required.
A. More
B. Less
C. Equal
D. None of these
Answer: Option B
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4. The effect of friction on the flow of steam through a nozzle is to
A. Decrease the mass flow rate and to increase the wetness of steam
B. Increase the mass flow rate and to increase the exit temperature
C. Decrease the mass flow rate and to decrease the wetness of steam
D. Increase the exit temperature without any effect on mass flow rate
Answer: Option C
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5. The maximum discharge through a chimney occurs when the height of chimney is
A. Infinitely long
B. Around 200 meters
C. Equal to the height of the hot gas column producing draught
D. Outside temperature is very low
Answer: Option C
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Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
6. When the speed of the crankshaft is between 100 r.p.m. and 250 r.p.m., the engine said to be a
A. Slow speed engine
B. Medium speed steam engine
C. High speed steam engine
D. None of these
Answer: Option B
7. The cylindrical shell of a Lancashire boiler has diameter from
A. 1 to 2 m
B. 1.25 to 2.25 m
C. 1.5 to 2.5 m
D. 1.75 to 2.75 m
Answer: Option D
8. The diameter of internal flue tubes of a Lancashire boiler is about
_________ that of its shell.
A. One-fourth
B. One-third
C. Two-fifth
D. One-half
Answer: Option C
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9. The diameter of flue tube in a Cornish boiler is _________ that of the shell.
A. One-fourth
B. One-third
C. Two-fifth
D. Three-fifth
Answer: Option D
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10. Locomotive boiler is of the following type
A. Multi tubular
B. Horizontal
C. Internally fired
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
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Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
11. In a reaction turbine, when steam flows through the moving blades,
A. Pressure increases while velocity decreases
B. Pressure decreases while velocity increases
C. Pressure and velocity both decreases
D. Pressure and velocity both increases
Answer: Option C
12. In water wall furnace, the heat is transferred to the water walls by
A. Convection
B. Radiation
C. Conduction
D. Radiation and conduction
Answer: Option B
13. The latent heat of steam at pressures greater than atmospheric in
comparison to latent heat at atmospheric pressure is
A. Less
B. More
C. Equal
D. May be less or more depending on temperature
Answer: Option A
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14. 100% efficiency of a thermal cycle cannot be achieved because of
A. Frictional losses
B. It is not possible to achieve 0°K temperature
C. Leakage
D. Non availability of ideal substance
Answer: Option B
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15. Lancashire boiler is of
A. Stationary fire tube type
B. Horizontal type
C. Natural circulation type
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
16. The major axis of elliptical manholes on the shell should be provided
A. Longitudinally
B. Circumferentially
C. On dished end
D. Anywhere
Answer: Option B
17. In a throttling process
A. Steam temperature remains constant
B. Steam pressure remains constant
C. Steam enthalpy remains constant
D. Steam entropy remains constant
Answer: Option C
18. The object of producing draught in a boiler is
A. To provide an adequate supply of air for the fuel combustion
B. To exhaust the gases of combustion from the combustion chamber
C. To discharge the gases of combustion to the atmosphere through the chimney
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
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19. The artificial draught is produced by
A. Steam jet
B. Centrifugal fan
C. Chimney
D. Both (A) and (B)
Answer: Option D
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20. The natural draught is produced by
A. Steam jet
B. Centrifugal fan
C. Chimney
D. Both (A) and (B)
Answer: Option C
Solution:
The natural draught mainly depends upon the height of the chimney.
Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
21. In locomotives, the draught is produced by
A. Chimney
B. Induced draft fan
C. Both combined (A) and (B)
D. Steam jet draught
Answer: Option D
22. In designing air preheaters, the important design consideration is that
A. Approach temperature should be as low as possible
B. Handling and maintenance should be easier
C. Heat transfer area should be optimum
D. Stack gases should not be cooled to the dew point
Answer: Option D
23. Which of the following are boiler accessories?
A. Economizer
B. Superheater
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of these
Answer: Option C
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24. The selection of type and size of a steam boiler depends upon
A. The power required and working pressure
B. The geographical position of the power house
C. The fuel and water available
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
25. An economiser is installed in a boiler primarily to
A. Superheat the steam
B. Reduce fuel consumption
C. Increase steam pressure
D. All of these
Answer: Option B
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Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
26. A fusible plug is fitted in small boilers in order to
A. Avoid excessive build up of pressure
B. Avoid explosion
C. Extinguish fire if water level in the boiler falls below alarming limit
D. Control steam dome
Answer: Option C
27. Presence of moisture in fuel oil would
A. Keep the burner tips cool
B. Aid in proper combustion
C. Because sputtering, possibly extinguishing flame
D. Clean the nozzles
Answer: Option C
28. Which of the following varieties of coals is mostly used in steam boilers?
A. Non-coking bituminous coal
B. Brown coal
C. Peat
D. None of the above
Answer: Option D
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29. Steam turbines are used for
A. Large marine propulsion
B. Electric power generation
C. Direct drive of fans, compressors, pumps
D. All of these
Answer: Option D
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30. For the same length of stroke and speed of crankshaft, the piston speed for a double acting steam engine is _________ the piston speed of single acting steam engine.
A. Equal to
B. Twice
C. Three times
D. Four times
Answer: Option B
Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
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What are the nozzles of a steam turbine?
The nozzles of a steam turbine are components that convert the thermal energy of steam into kinetic energy, which is used to drive the blades of the turbine. The nozzles are typically small and shaped like a converging cone, with a narrow throat that accelerates the steam to high velocity. The high-velocity steam then flows onto the turbine blades, causing them to rotate.
The design of the nozzles is critical for the efficient operation of the steam turbine. The size and shape of the nozzle must be carefully matched to the steam flow rate and pressure, to ensure that the steam is accelerated to the right speed and with the right direction. The nozzles must also be made of materials that can withstand the high temperatures and pressures of the steam, without degrading or deforming over time.
In a typical steam turbine, there may be several sets of nozzles, each operating at a different pressure and temperature. The nozzles are typically arranged in a series of stages, with each stage consisting of a row of nozzles followed by a row of turbine blades. This arrangement allows the steam to be efficiently converted into kinetic energy, with each stage extracting a portion of the available energy.
What is the function of nozzle in boiler?
In a boiler, a nozzle is used to control and direct the flow of steam or water. The main function of a nozzle in a boiler is to increase the velocity of the fluid that is passing through it while decreasing its pressure. This process is known as throttling.
The nozzle in a boiler is typically located at the end of a pipe or tube through which the steam or water flows. As the fluid passes through the nozzle, the cross-sectional area of the pipe or tube is decreased, causing the fluid to speed up and creating a higher velocity. This increase in velocity allows the fluid to more effectively transfer heat energy, which is a critical process in the operation of a boiler.
In addition to increasing the velocity of the fluid, the nozzle also helps to control the pressure of the fluid. By reducing the cross-sectional area of the pipe or tube, the pressure of the fluid is decreased, which can help to prevent damage to the boiler or other components of the system.
Overall, the nozzle plays an important role in the efficient and safe operation of a boiler, allowing for the effective transfer of heat energy while helping to regulate fluid flow and pressure.
What is the function of nozzle in turbine?
The nozzle is an important component in a turbine as it helps to control the flow and direction of the working fluid, which could be steam or gas, as it passes through the turbine blades.
Specifically, the function of a nozzle in a turbine is to convert the pressure energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy by accelerating the fluid to a high velocity, which in turn drives the turbine blades. This acceleration is achieved by constraining the flow of the fluid through a small passage, which causes the pressure to drop and the velocity to increase. The nozzle is designed in such a way that it converges or narrows the flow of the working fluid, which further accelerates the fluid.
In a steam turbine, the nozzle also serves to convert the thermal energy of the steam into kinetic energy. The high-velocity steam is directed towards the turbine blades, causing them to rotate and produce mechanical energy. Thus, the nozzle plays a critical role in the overall efficiency of the turbine by ensuring that the working fluid is directed properly through the blades.
What are the main components of the steam boiler?
A steam boiler is a device that is used to generate steam by heating water. The main components of a steam boiler include:
Firebox: The firebox is the chamber where the fuel (usually coal, wood, or oil) is burned. The heat generated from the burning fuel is used to heat the water in the boiler.
Water level indicator: The water level indicator is used to monitor the water level in the boiler. It ensures that the boiler is always filled with enough water to prevent damage from overheating.
Pressure gauge: The pressure gauge is used to monitor the steam pressure inside the boiler. It ensures that the pressure does not exceed the safe limit.
Safety valve: The safety valve is a critical component that ensures that the steam pressure inside the boiler does not exceed the safe limit. If the pressure reaches an unsafe level, the safety valve will open and release the excess pressure.
Steam outlet: The steam outlet is the point at which the steam exits the boiler and is sent to where it is needed for various applications.
Water feed pump: The water feed pump is used to pump water into the boiler to replace the water that has been converted to steam and has left the boiler.
Control system: The control system is responsible for regulating the operation of the boiler, including controlling the temperature, pressure, and water level.
These components work together to ensure that the steam boiler operates safely and efficiently.
What are the 3 types of steam turbine?
The three main types of steam turbine are:
Impulse turbine: In an impulse turbine, the steam flows through a nozzle, which creates a high-velocity jet that strikes the blades of the turbine. The force of the steam jet causes the turbine blades to rotate. Impulse turbines are typically used for low-pressure applications.
Reaction turbine: In a reaction turbine, the steam flows through fixed blades (or nozzles) and then through moving blades. The pressure of the steam drops as it passes through the fixed blades, which causes the steam to expand and accelerate. The moving blades are shaped like aerofoils and are curved, which means they can react to the steam flow and generate torque. Reaction turbines are used in high-pressure applications.
Combined cycle turbine: A combined cycle turbine is a type of turbine that uses both the principles of the impulse and reaction turbine in a combined cycle. In a combined cycle turbine, the steam passes through a set of fixed blades, which initially creates an impulse, and then passes through a set of moving blades, which react to the steam flow. The combination of impulse and reaction stages increases the efficiency of the turbine.
What is the basic principle of steam turbine?
The basic principle of a steam turbine is to convert the energy of high-pressure steam into mechanical energy, which can then be used to generate electricity or do other types of work. The steam turbine works by using a series of rotating blades or vanes mounted on a shaft.
When high-pressure steam enters the turbine, it flows over the blades, causing them to rotate. As the blades rotate, they turn the shaft, which in turn drives a generator or other mechanical device. The steam is then exhausted from the turbine and condensed back into water, ready to be used again in the steam cycle.
The design of a steam turbine typically involves multiple stages of rotating blades, with each stage designed to extract a portion of the energy from the steam as it passes over the blades. By using multiple stages, the steam turbine can extract more energy from the steam, resulting in greater efficiency.
Overall, the basic principle of a steam turbine is to use the energy of high-pressure steam to drive a rotating shaft, which can then be used to generate electricity or do other types of work.
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What are the five types of steam turbine?
There are several ways to classify steam turbines, but one common classification is based on the direction of steam flow and the number of stages. Using this classification, the five types of steam turbine are:
Single-stage turbines: These turbines have a single stage of blades and are used in applications where the pressure drop across the turbine is relatively low, such as in small power plants and industrial processes.
Multi-stage turbines with impulse blades: In these turbines, the steam flow is directed onto a series of stationary nozzle blades, which convert the steam's high pressure and velocity into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is then transferred to a series of rotating blades, which extract energy from the steam and convert it into mechanical energy.
Multi-stage turbines with reaction blades: In these turbines, the steam flow passes through a series of fixed and rotating blades, and the pressure and velocity of the steam are reduced gradually as it passes through each stage. The reaction of the steam against the blades generates torque, which is transferred to the rotor.
Tandem-compound turbines: These turbines consist of a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine mounted on the same shaft. The steam expands through the high-pressure turbine, and then the exhaust steam is directed to the low-pressure turbine, which extracts additional energy from the steam.
Reheat turbines: These turbines include a reheater section that reheats the steam after it has passed through the high-pressure turbine. The reheated steam is then directed to the low-pressure turbine, where it expands and generates additional power. Reheat turbines are commonly used in large power plants to increase the efficiency of the steam cycle.
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How do you size a steam turbine?
Sizing a steam turbine involves determining the appropriate power output, steam conditions, and other design parameters to meet the specific requirements of a given application. The following are some general steps that are typically involved in sizing a steam turbine:
Determine the required power output: The first step in sizing a steam turbine is to determine the power output required by the application. This is usually expressed in terms of megawatts (MW) or kilowatts (kW). The power output required will depend on factors such as the size of the plant, the electrical load, and any other mechanical or thermal loads that the turbine will be required to drive.
Determine the steam conditions: The next step is to determine the steam conditions required to meet the power output and other design requirements. This includes the steam pressure, temperature, flow rate, and quality (i.e., the percentage of water droplets in the steam). These steam conditions will depend on the specific requirements of the application, such as the type of steam cycle used, the fuel source, and the desired efficiency.
Select the turbine type: Based on the required power output and steam conditions, select the appropriate type of steam turbine. This involves considering factors such as the type of blades (impulse or reaction), the number of stages, and the overall size of the turbine.
Determine the rotor speed: The rotor speed of a steam turbine is determined by the frequency of the electrical grid or the rotational speed of the mechanical load that the turbine will be driving. The rotor speed will also depend on the number of stages, the blade design, and the overall size of the turbine.
Specify other design parameters: Once the turbine type and rotor speed have been determined, other design parameters can be specified, such as the blade length, the casing diameter, and the number of inlet and outlet valves. These parameters will depend on the specific requirements of the application and the operating conditions of the turbine.
Overall, sizing a steam turbine is a complex process that requires careful consideration of a wide range of factors, including the power output, steam conditions, turbine type, rotor speed, and other design parameters. The process typically involves the use of computer models and simulations to optimize the turbine design for the specific application.
Steam turbine problems and Solutions pdf
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