Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

1. Which of the following is the binding material in cemented carbides?

A. Cobalt

B. Nickel

C. Vanadium

D. Iron

Answer: Option A

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2. Which of the following statement is correct?

A. The product produced by blast-furnace is called cast iron

B. The pig iron is the name given to the product produced by cupola

C. The cast iron has high tensile strength

D. The chilled cast iron has no graphite

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Chilled cast iron. Iron-carbon alloy with low graphitization factor so that chill occurs forming a graphite-free

structure.

In order to achieve chilling, the silicon content is set to a low level depending on the wall thickness of the casting; the carbon content is approx. 2.5 to 3.8%.

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3. Monel metal contains

A. 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

B. 88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc

C. Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium

D. Malleable iron and zinc

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Monel metal contains 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

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4. Inconel is an alloy of

A. Nickel, Chromium and Iron

B. Nickel, Copper

C. Nickel, Chromium

D. Nickel, Zinc

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Inconel is a family of austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloys.

Inconel alloys are oxidation-corrosion-resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and heat.

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5. The alloying element which increases residual magnetism and coercive magnetic force in steel for magnets is

A. Chromium

B. Nickel

C. Vanadium

D. Cobalt

Answer: Option D

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

6. Manganese in steel increases its

A. Tensile strength

B. Hardness

C. Ductility

D. Fluidity

Answer: Option A

Solution:

The effect of manganese in improving the mechanical properties of steel depends on its carbon content.

Manganese also reduces the critical cooling rate during hardening, meaning it increases the hardenability of

steel. Its effect on hardenability is higher than other alloying elements

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7. Free cutting steels

A. Contain carbon in free from

B. Require minimum cutting force

C. Is used where rapid machining is the prime requirement

D. Can be cut freely

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Free cutting steels is used where rapid machining is the prime requirement

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8. The cupola is used to manufacture

A. Pig iron

B. Cast iron

C. Wrought iron

D. Steel

Answer: Option B

Solution:

A cupola or cupola furnace is a melting device used in foundries that can be used to melt cast iron

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9. Tungsten in high speed steel provides

A. Hot hardness

B. Toughness

C. Wear resistance

D. Sharp cutting edge

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Tungsten is a good carbide former that prevents grain growth, enhances toughness and increases red hardness

and high temperature strength. Tungsten is used in hot forming tool steels and high-speed steels.

10. 1841 high speed steel contains

A. Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%

B. Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%

C. Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%

D. None of the above

Answer: Option B

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Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

11. Corrosion resistance of steel is increased by addition of

A. Chromium and nickel

B. Sulphur, phosphorus, lead

C. Vanadium, aluminium

D. Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Nickel (Ni): Nickel is added in large amounts, over about 8%, to high Chromium stainless steels to form the

most important class of corrosion and heat resisting steels.

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12. Depth of hardness of steel is increased by addition of

A. Nickel

B. Chromium

C. Tungsten

D. Vanadium

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Most stainless steel contains about 18 percent chromium; it is what hardens and toughens steel and increases

its resistance to corrosion, especially at high temperatures

Answer & Solution

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13. By severely deforming a metal in a particular direction it becomes

A. Ductile

B. Malleable

C. Homogeneous

D. Anisotropic

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Anisotropy, is the property of being directionally dependent, which implies different properties in different

directions, as opposed to isotropy.

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14. Iron-carbon alloys containing carbon ________ 4.3% are known as hypereutectic cast irons.

A. Equal to

B. Less than

C. More than

D. None of these

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Iron-carbon alloys containing carbon more than 4.3% are known as hyper-eutectic cast irons.

hypereutectic cast iron (>4.3 % C).

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15. Which of the following statements are true for annealing of steels?

A. Steels are heated to 500°C to 700°C

B. Cooling is done slowly and steadily

C. Internal stresses are relieved

D. All of these

Answer: Option D

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

16. Which is false statement about annealing?

Annealing is done to

A. Relieve stresses

B. Harden steel slightly

C. Improve machining characteristic

D. Soften material

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Annealing of steels increased cold shaping possibilities because intermediate annealing can be utilized to

improve the forming properties after the material is compressed during other operations such as cold heading.

Annealing of steels reduced chance of distortion during secondary operations such as machining.

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17. Eutectoid reaction occurs at

A. 600°C

B. 727°C

C. 1147°C

D. 1493°C

Answer: Option B

Solution:

In eutectoid reaction, the austenite transforms into a phase mixture of ferrite (containing 0.76% C) and

cementite.

This phase mixture is known as pearlite.

The eutectoid reaction occurs at a constant temperature.

This is known as eutectoid temperature and is 727°C.

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18. When steel containing less than 0.8% carbon is cooled slowly from temperatures above or within the critical range, it consists of

A. Mainly ferrite

B. Mainly pearlite

C. Ferrite and pearlite

D. Pearlite and cementite

Answer: Option C

Solution:

When steel containing less than 0.8% carbon is cooled slowly from temperatures above or within the critical range, it consists of Ferrite and pearlite

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19. Pick up the wrong statement

A. Aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth

B. Manganese in steel induces hardness

C. Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the

resilience and ductility

D. Tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Aluminum metal is used to make many parts produced by precision machining, and is finding increasing application in automotive because of its light weight and high strength to weight ratio.

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20. Which of the following metal shrinks most from molten state to solid state?

A. Cast iron

B. Cast steel

C. Brass

D. Admiralty metal

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Admiralty metal is an alloy of not less than 70 percent copper, about 1 percent tin, small amounts of other elements, and the balance zinc; tin brass. Admiralty metal shrinks most from molten state to solid state

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

21. Thermoplastic materials are those materials which

A. Are formed into shape under heat and pressure and results in a permanently hard product

B. Do not become hard with the application of heat and pressure and no chemical change occurs

C. Are flexible and can withstand considerable wear under suitable conditions

D. Are used as a friction lining for clutches and brakes

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Thermoplastic materials can be cooled and heated several times without any change in their chemistry or

mechanical properties.

A thermoplastic, or thermosoftening plastic, is a plastic polymer material that becomes pliable or moldable at a

certain elevated temperature and solidifies upon cooling.

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22. Admiralty brass used for steam condenser tubes contains copper and zinc in the following ratio

A. 50 : 50

B. 30 : 70

C. 70 : 30

D. 40 : 60

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Admiralty brass used for steam condenser tubes contains 30% of copper and 70% of zinc

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23. Alnico, an alloy used extensively for permanent magnets contains iron, nickel, aluminium and cobalt in the following ratio

A. 50 : 20 : 20 : 10

B. 40 : 30 : 20 : 10

C. 50 : 20 : 10 : 20

D. 30 : 20 : 30 : 20

Answer: Option A

Solution:

The composition of alnico alloys is typically 50% of Iron, 20% of nickel,20% of aluminium and 10% of cobalt

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24. Heavy duty leaf and coil springs contain carbon of the following order

A. 0.2%

B. 0.5%

C. 0.8%

D. 1.0%

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Heavy duty leaf and coil springs contain 1.0% carbon

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25. Cold rolled steel sheets contain carbon of the following order

A. 0.1%

B. 0.2%

C. 0.4%

D. 0.6%

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Cold rolled steel sheets contains 0.1% carbon

Cold Rolled Steel A rolling process at temperatures that are close to normal room temperature are used to create cold rolled steel. This increases the strength of the finished product through the use of strain hardening by as much as 20 %

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

26. In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

A. In still air

B. Slowly in the furnace

C. Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

D. Any one of these

Answer: Option B

Solution:

In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled Slowly in the furnace

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27. Steel containing ferrite and pearlite is

A. Hard

B. Soft

C. Tough

D. Hard and tough

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Steel containing ferrite and pearlite is soft.

Ferrite is a form of pure iron with a body-centered cubic crystal structure and occurs in low-carbon steel.

Pearlite is a finely laminated mixture of ferrite and cementite present in cast iron and steel, formed by the cooling of austenite.

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28. Ductile cast iron

A. Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

B. Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

C. Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

D. Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Ductile cast iron Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or

spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions.

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29. Which of the following steel making process is being adopted at Rourkela (in India) Steel Plant?

A. Bessemer process

B. Open hearth process

C. Electric process

D. LD process

Answer: Option D

Solution:

LD process is a steel making process is being adopted at Rourkela (in India) Steel Plant

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30. Quenching is not necessary when hardening is done by

A. Case hardening

B. Flame hardening

C. Nitriding

D. Any one of these

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Nitriding has a different hardening mechanism than the one caused by quenching a steel with an elevated level of carbon.

Instead, the hardening is caused by the fine scale precipitation of alloying element nitrides which does not require quenching.

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

31. Which is false statement about case hardening? Case hardening is done by

A. Electroplating

B. Cyaniding

C. Induction hardening

D. Nitriding

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Case Hardening, is a heat treatment process that produces a surface which is resistant to wear, while maintaining toughness and strength of the core. This treatment is applied to low carbon steel parts after machining, as well as high alloy steel bearings, gears,

and other components.

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32. The machinability of aluminium increases when _________ is added to aluminium.

A. Copper

B. Magnesium

C. Silicon

D. Lead and bismuth

Answer: Option D

Solution:

The low-melting-point metals such as bismuth, lead, tin, and cadmium are added to aluminum to make freemachining alloys.

lead is added at about the 0.5% level with the same amount as bismuth in some alloys to improve machinability.

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33. In high speed steels, manganese is used to tougher the metal and to increase its

A. Yield point

B. Critical temperature

C. Melting point

D. Hardness

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Manganese is used to

Increases hardenability, ductility and wear resistance.

Eliminates formation of harmful iron sulphides.

Austenite stabilizer.

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34. Following elements have face-centered cubic structure

A. Gamma iron (910°C to 1400°C), Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pb, Pt

B. Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr, Br, Cd

C. A iron (below 910°C and between 1400°C to 1539°C), W

D. All of the above

Answer: Option A

Solution:

This following elements have face-centered cubic structure:

Gamma iron (910°C to 1400°C), Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pb, Pt.

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35. The crystal structure of brass is

A. F.C.C.

B. B.C.C.

C. H.C.P.

D. Orthorhombic crystalline structure

Answer: Option A

Solution:

The crystal structure of brass is F.C.C.

Face-centered cubic (fcc or cF) refers to a crystal structure consisting of an atom at each cube corner and an atom in the center of each cube face.

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

36. Which of the following has highest specific strength of all structural materials?

A. Magnesium alloys

B. Titanium alloys

C. Chromium alloys

D. Magnetic steel alloys

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Titanium alloys is used to control grain size growth, which improves toughness. Also transforms sulfide inclusions form elongated to globular, improving strength and corrosion resistance as well as toughness and ductility.

Titanium alloys is a very strong, very lightweight metal that can be used alone or alloyed with steels. It is added to steel to give them high strength at high temperatures. Modern jet engines used titanium steels.

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37. Blast furnace produces following by reduction of iron ore

A. Cast iron

B. Pig iron

C. Wrought iron

D. Malleable iron

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Pig Iron is the iron obtained from the blast furnace. The content of iron in pig iron is very high, it is around 92% and the second largest composition of pig iron is carbon which is around 4%.

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38. Shock resistance of steel is increased by adding

A. Nickel

B. Chromium

C. Nickel and chromium

D. Sulphur, lead and phosphorus

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Shock resistance of steel is increased by adding Nickel and chromium

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39. Corrosion resistance of steel is increased by adding

A. Chromium and nickel

B. Nickel and molybdenum

C. Aluminium and zinc

D. Tungsten and sulphur

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Chromium is a powerful alloying element in steel.

It strongly increases the hardenability of steel, and markedly improves the corrosion resistance of alloys in oxidizing media. Nickel is added to steels to increase hardenability.

Answer & Solution

40. Cobalt in steel

A. Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

B. Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties

C. Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability

D. Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Cobalt in steel Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability

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Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

41. The electric process of steel making is especially adapted to

A. Alloy and carbon tool steel

B. Magnet steel

C. High speed tool steel

D. All of these

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Most of the world's steel is produced by the electric-arc method, which uses high-current electric arcs to melt

steel scrap and convert it into liquid steel of specified chemical composition and temperature. This process is adapted to Alloy and carbon tool steel and Magnet steel and High speed tool steel

42. Chromium in steel

A. Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

B. Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties

C. Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

D. Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Chromium in steel Increases strength, hardness, hardenability, and toughness, as well as creep resistance and strength at elevated temperatures. It improves machinability and resistance to corrosion and it intensifies the effects of other alloying elements.

In hot-work steels and high speed steels, it increases red-hardness properties.

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43. A cold chisel is made of

A. Mild steel

B. Cast iron

C. H.S.S.

D. High carbon

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Cold chisels are made from carbon tool-steel, which is usually octagonal in cross-section.

Tool-steel is used as it can be hardened to form a hard and tough cutting edge.

To make a cold chisel heat the end of the bar of tool steel until it is bright red and hammer to the desired shape.

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44. Cast iron is characterized by minimum of following percentage of carbon

A. 0.2%

B. 0.8%

C. 1.3%

D. 2%

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Cast iron is a ferrous alloy which has more than 2% carbon in it.

Though it can have any percentage of carbon between 2% to 6.67%, but practically it is in between 2% to 4% only.

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45. Eutectoid steel contains following percentage of carbon

A. 0.02%

B. 0.3%

C. 0.63%

D. 0.8%

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Eutectoid steel contains 0.8% of carbon

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

46. Cast iron is a

A. Ductile material

B. Malleable material

C. Brittle material

D. Tough material

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Cast iron is brittle, hard, and non-malleable.

It can't be bent, stretched, or hammered into shape.

Its weak tensile strength means that it will fracture before it bends or distorts.

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47. Cast iron has

A. High tensile strength

B. Its elastic limit close to the ultimate breaking strength

C. High ductility

D. All of the above

Answer: Option B

Solution:

cast iron properties are listed below:

It has three to five times more compression strength compared to steel

It has Good machinability (gray cast iron)

It has excellent anti-vibration (or damping) properties hence it is used to make machine frames

It has good Sensibility

It has excellent resistance to wear

It has constant Mechanical properties between 20 to 350 degree Celsius

It has very low notch sensitivity

It has Low stress concentration

It bears Low cost

It is Durability

It has Resistance to deformation

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48. Carbon steel is

A. Made by adding carbon in steel

B. Refined from cast iron

C. An alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur

D. Extensively used for making cutting tools

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Most-common type of steel that contains about 0.1 to 0.3 percent carbon.

In general, increase in the amount of carbon reduces ductility but increases tensile strength and the ability to

harden through tempering.

As an industry-wide practice, steel that does not contain any specified or standard amount of one or more

alloying elements (such as chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, vanadium) to be classified as alloy steel is called carbon steel

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49. High carbon steel carries carbon percentage

A. 0.1 to 0.3%

B. 0.3 to 0.6%

C. 0.6 to 0.8%

D. 0.8 to 1.5%

Answer: Option D

Solution:

High carbon steel carries carbon percentage of 0.8 to 1.5%

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50. According to Indian standard specifications, plain carbon steel designated by 40 C8 means that the carbon content is

A. 0.04%

B. 0.35 to 0.45%

C. 0.4 to 0.6%

D. 0.6 to 0.8%

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Carbon steel - carbon range 0.35 to 0.45%

40c8 actually gives you the carbon and manganese value in the steel.

this designation is mostly used for plain carbon steels.

It's a percentage of Carbon (letter C) in the steel.

Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

51. Recrystallization temperature can be lowered by

A. Purification of metal

B. Grain refinement

C. Working at lower temperature

D. All of the above

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Recrystallization temperature can be lowered by Purification of metal and Grain refinement and Working at

lower temperature

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52. Ductility of a material can be defined as

A. Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression

B. Ability to recover its original form

C. Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension

D. All of the above

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Ductility of a material has been defined as a ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation through elongation and reduction in cross-sectional area or bending at room temperature without fracturing.

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53. Malleability of a material can be defined as

A. Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression

B. Ability to recover its original form

C. Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension

D. All of the above

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Malleability is a physical property of metals that defines the ability to be hammered, pressed or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.

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54. The ability of a material to absorb energy in the plastic range is called

A. Resilience

B. Creep

C. Fatigue strength

D. Toughness

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Resilience: The ability of a material to absorb energy under elastic deformation and to recover this energy upon

removal of load is termed as resilience. Resilience is indicated by the area under the stress strain curve till the

point of elastic limit.

Creep: It is a deformation of a material due to the constant load for a long period of time. It is time and

temperature dependent property of material.

Fatigue: When a body is subjected to repeated and fluctuating load it tends to develop a characteristic behavior

under which failure occurs which is referred to as fatigue.

Toughness: The ability of a material to absorb energy in plastic deformation till the point of fracture is known as

toughness. Toughness is indicated by the total area under the stress strain curve up to the fracture point. Eg.

Copper has higher toughness than Cast iron.

55. Muntz metal contains copper and zinc in the ratio of

A. 50 : 50

B. 40 : 60

C. 60 : 40

D. 20 : 80

Answer: Option C

Solution:

Muntz metal is about 60% copper, 40% zinc

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Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf

56. Bronze alloy contains

A. 70% copper and 30% zinc

B. 88% copper and 12% tin

C. 85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

D. 70 - 75% copper and rest tin

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12 - 12.5% tin and often with the addition

of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.

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57. Which of the following statement is true about brittle fracture?

A. High temperature and low strain rates favour brittle fracture

B. Many metals with hexagonal close packed (H.C.P) crystal structure commonly

show brittle fracture

C. Brittle fracture is always preceded by noise

D. Cup and cone formation is characteristic for brittle materials

Answer: Option B

Solution:

Brittle Fracture is the sudden, very rapid cracking of equipment under stress where the material exhibited little

or no evidence of ductility or plastic degradation before the fracture occurs.

metals with hexagonal close packed (H.C.P) crystal structure commonly show brittle fracture

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58. Brass contains

A. 70% copper and 30% zinc

B. 90% copper and 10% tin

C. 85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

D. 70 - 75% copper and rest tin

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Brass contains 70% copper and 30% zinc

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59. Pick up wrong statement about wrought iron

A. It contains carbon of the order of 0 to 0.25%

B. It melts at 1535°C

C. It is very soft and ductile

D. It is made by adding suitable percentage of carbon to molten iron and subjecting

the product to repeated hammering and rolling

Answer: Option D

Solution:

Some Properties of wrought iron is listed below:

It contains carbon of the order of 0 to 0.25%

It melts at 1535°C

It is very soft and ductile

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60. Maximum percentage of carbon in ferrite is

A. 0.025%

B. 0.06%

C. 0.1%

D. 0.25%

Answer: Option A

Solution:

Below 912°C (1,674°F) iron again adopts the BCC structure characteristic of α-iron, also called ferrite.

The substance assumes a paramagnetic property. Carbon dissolves poorly in α-iron: no more than 0.021% by

mass at 723°C

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Engineering Materials and Metallurgy Multiple Choice Questions Pdf